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AI+robots assist in digital and green manufacturing of aviation engines

Changingtek Robotics focuses on the core pain points in the aerospace field, with a technology orientation of "high precision, high safety, and high intelligence". We have developed an intelligent solution for the entire chain, from blade manufacturing, fastener sorting, engine assembly, to logistics handling and auxiliary management. Its series of intelligent equipment products not only achieve industry-leading performance indicators (such as ultra-high weighing accuracy of ± 0.01g and sorting accuracy of 99.9%), but also deeply empower enterprise production processes and help customers achieve core strategic goals of "cost reduction, quality improvement, efficiency enhancement, and confidentiality" by building real-time "data loops" and "flexible adaptation" systems with fast learning capabilities. In the future, Changingtek Robotics will continue to adhere to the development concept of "integration of knowledge and action, innovation and far-reaching", committed to the deep integration and iterative upgrading of artificial intelligence and robotics technology in industrial scenarios, constantly breaking through technological boundaries, and injecting stronger and more sustainable innovation power into the aerospace industry's high-quality manufacturing upgrade towards digitization, intelligence, and greening.

Changingtek Robot Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd

Changingtek Robot was established in August 2018 and is a national high-tech enterprise specializing in the research and development and production of dexterous hands and intelligent robots. It relies on an experienced R&D team and multi industry technology insights to build three core intelligent ecological technologies: mechanical intelligence (adaptive reconfigurable), perceptual intelligence (multi information fusion), and driving control intelligence (AI control).

Based on this, the company has launched the Changingtek Hand series products, including industrial translational hands, collaborative hands, bionic hands, and heavy-duty hands, providing flexible and reliable intelligent robot solutions for multiple fields such as aerospace, industrial manufacturing, warehousing and logistics.

The company is centered around Suzhou Taicang and has four major bases in North China, South China, East China, and Southwest China, with cooperative agents in North America and Europe. Accumulated over 150 intellectual property rights, won more than 60 awards in domestic and international competitions, and completed nearly 100 million yuan in Series B financing, laying the foundation for technological innovation and sustainable development.

Kongtianjie: You have been deeply involved in the field of robot perception and control for many years. In the process of challenging the high difficulty technical path of "heavy-duty dexterous hands", what do you think is the core team spirit that supports the team to overcome cycles and continue to tackle challenges?

I believe the core spirit of our team is to adhere to a long-term approach. The aviation and aviation development fields we are in require long-term investment and high technical barriers, which requires the entire team to not only focus on persistence but also dare to tackle tough problems. Our main application scenarios for heavy-duty dexterous hands are also in the aerospace and aerospace industries. Based on these scenarios and industry characteristics, we have gradually formed core technologies, product systems, and corresponding industry barriers in this field.

Kongtianjie: Changingtek Robot has constructed an end effector matrix covering a full load of 0.1kg to 150kg, breaking the dilemma of "dexterity" and "heavy load capability". What market insights and technical judgments are behind this strategic choice?

When our company was founded in 2018, the demand for electric actuators in the market was not yet clear enough. However, through research, we found that there are significant differences in demand in different fields: the 3C field requires lightweight electric grippers, while the heavy-duty warehousing and logistics field requires heavy-duty end fixtures, but these actuators can only be applied to relatively simple scenarios.

The situation in the aviation industry is completely different, with a wide range of product categories and extremely high requirements for the flexibility of automation equipment. So we have developed a series of heavy-duty dexterous robotic hands specifically for this purpose. From the perspective of industry development, the automation upgrade of high-end manufacturing cannot be separated from robots, and end effectors that can complete various complex tasks are the key to the role of robots.

Based on such industry and market insights, we have determined to build core technologies in the field of end effectors, such as perception functions, drive control technology, etc., in order to combine different scenarios and design end effector products with different forms, load capacities, and high precision. After several years of development, we have finally formed a full load product matrix covering 0.1 kilograms to 150 kilograms.

These dexterous hands come in two finger, three finger, and multi finger forms, all developed based on modular functions such as perception control algorithms and high-precision transmission structure design. In the future, we will continue to iterate and upgrade such products to seize the blank market of high-end manufacturing, especially in the aviation and aviation development fields. We have identified this high value-added and high growth potential track.

Kongtianjie: Changingtek Robot is using "robot hands" as its intelligent core and execution pivot to build an aviation intelligent robot system platform for complex scenarios. What kind of thinking does this positioning stem from? How do you define the core competitiveness of a company?

The robot hand itself is the core component of a robot, but a complete robot system not only includes the "hand", but also requires the "eye" with perception function and the "brain" capable of making intelligent decisions. Our early positioning was very clear, based on core products such as dexterous hands, to adapt to multi category and small batch production scenarios in the manufacturing industry, allowing robots to have higher flexibility.

On the basis of providing flexible value to customers, we have also developed visual power control and AI decision-making systems, forming an intelligent platform that integrates hands, eyes, and brains. This is also the core competitiveness we have created after meeting market demand.

We believe that end effectors, as core components, have high value, but only intelligent solutions that can solve industry problems can create greater value. So we have expanded from a single end component to a fully integrated system, forming a solution capability of perception control execution integration.

In the face of various scenarios in the aviation industry, we have also gained a deep understanding of the manufacturing process and specifications, which has become our core competitiveness in the aviation market.

Aerospace Realm: Changingtek Robotics offers both intelligent dexterous hands—designed for integration into third-party robotic systems—and its own proprietary, fully embodied intelligent robots. How do these two product forms synergize within their technical architecture? Do they share a common underlying "perception-control-execution" platform?

Our dexterous hands come in a variety of configurations—including two-, three-, four-, and five-fingered models—with varying numbers of fingers and degrees of freedom giving rise to distinct product forms. In contrast, the form factors of complete robotic systems tend to be more standardized; robotic arms, for instance, typically adhere to just one or two basic designs.

From the perspective of technical complexity, whether we are discussing embodied robots or humanoid robots, the complete system typically possesses approximately 20 to 30 degrees of freedom. Notably, in many application scenarios, a dexterous hand alone can also reach a degree-of-freedom count in the low twenties. Consequently, the two share a strong commonality in their technical architecture regarding motion control and intelligent algorithms.

Throughout the R&D process for our dexterous hands, we have successfully mastered core technologies such as multimodal perception, real-time motion control, and motion planning algorithms; we are currently focused on tackling the challenges associated with grasp planning algorithms for these hands. Leveraging these technologies and our underlying platform, we are well-positioned to readily develop robotic systems featuring upwards of 20 degrees of freedom.

We have consistently focused our efforts on the fields of flexible assembly and flexible manufacturing, as this sector presents both immediate customer demand and vast potential for growth. By unifying the technical architectures of our dexterous hands and our core robotic bodies, we achieve a dual benefit: market feedback from our standardized hand products allows us to refine our underlying algorithms, while the real-world deployment of our complete robotic systems enables the technologies governing grasping execution to provide valuable feedback to the R&D of our dexterous hands—thereby ensuring our product development remains closely aligned with actual production requirements. These two distinct product forms thus exist in a relationship of mutual synergy and reciprocal advancement.

Aerospace Realm: Changingtek Robotics has established a comprehensive product matrix comprising "collaborative hands, heavy-duty hands, planar-motion hands, and bionic hands," while also proposing a technical architecture based on the principle of "one platform, multiple forms." What are the most suitable application scenarios for each of these four types of hands? Furthermore, what core metrics should customers prioritize when selecting a model?

We have categorized our portfolio of over 40 products into four main groups:

**Collaborative Grippers:** Primarily designed to work in tandem with collaborative robots (cobots). Since cobots typically handle payloads ranging from 0.1 to 10 kilograms, the defining characteristics of our collaborative grippers are safety, reliability, and a modular design. They are ideally suited for precision assembly tasks—particularly in sectors such as 3C electronics, lithium-ion batteries, and photovoltaics—as well as for scenarios involving human-robot collaboration.

**Heavy-Duty Grippers:** This represents a key differentiator and competitive advantage distinguishing us from our industry peers. We are not only highly competitive in the light-payload segment (under 10 kg) but also possess superior product offerings for heavy-payload scenarios ranging from 10 to 150 kg. These grippers are particularly well-suited for warehousing, logistics, and aerospace applications—environments characterized by complex operating conditions and extremely stringent requirements for heavy-load precision, reliability, and safety. Furthermore, our heavy-duty grippers were among the first in the industry to integrate tactile and pressure-sensing technologies.

**Parallel Grippers:** Distinguished primarily by their integrated, all-in-one design, these grippers are predominantly utilized in scenarios requiring high-precision inspection and accurate material handling. They are widely deployed across a broad spectrum of automated equipment and production lines.

**Bionic Hands:** Designed to address the burgeoning fields of humanoid robots and embodied AI robots, as well as scientific research and experimental applications. Featuring a higher degree of freedom and a more anthropomorphic form factor, these bionic hands hold immense market potential for future applications in commercial services, home assistance, and various other sectors.

When selecting a product, customers should focus on three core metrics:

First—Load and Travel: Based on specific load capacity and workspace requirements, select an end effector with a gripping force and stroke range that provide a suitable match.

Second—Precision: Different actuators vary in their force control and position control precision; since the cost and pricing of products differ significantly based on their precision levels, the selection should be guided by the specific requirements of the application scenario.

Third—Integration Capability: Depending on the integration target—whether it be a robotic arm, automated equipment, or a production line—select the appropriate communication protocol and communication method.

As a company offering a comprehensive product portfolio, we are well-equipped to meet the diverse needs of a wide range of customers.

Aerospace Realm: Traditional robotic manipulators typically function as passive tools that merely execute commands; however, the end effectors of Changingtek Robotics’ systems are endowed with "multimodal perception" and "real-time self-adaptation" capabilities. Could you please illustrate—using a specific operational scenario—the transformative impact that results from the combination of these two capabilities?

An increasing number of scenarios today demand that robots possess greater flexibility—specifically, the ability to adapt to the grasping of a wider variety of objects. For instance, within the aerospace sector, the task of weighing and sorting aircraft engine blades serves as a prime example that vividly demonstrates the value of this capability.

As is well known, a single aircraft engine comprises numerous stages of blades—including combustion chamber blades, compressor blades, and turbine blades. These blades vary significantly in shape and form; their centers of gravity are often situated in complex positions, and the orientation of their dovetail roots (the designated grasping points) presents a wide array of variations. Consequently, tasking a single robot with the responsibility of grasping, weighing, and sorting *all* the blades for an entire engine constitutes an extremely challenging undertaking.

Leveraging our extensive technical expertise and practical application experience in the field of robotic end-effectors, we have developed a highly perceptive end-effector specifically tailored for this industry. Its integrated vision system is capable of accurately identifying the position and orientation of a blade's dovetail root, thereby enabling the planning of a safe and reliable grasping trajectory. Furthermore, the end-effector's tactile sensing capabilities allow it to precisely measure the blade's weight and detect subtle anomalies—such as slippage—that may occur during the grasping process, thereby ensuring a safer operation.

The transformative impact of this capability is manifested in two key aspects:

1. It guarantees the safety of the grasping process, thereby minimizing the risk of damage to the blades;

2. The system can automatically adjust its gripping stroke and force in response to minute variations in the blades, eliminating the need for manual intervention. What appears to be a simple act—grasping a blade—actually represents the convergence of extensive technical knowledge and practical experience; indeed, it required a significant investment of our R&D resources to achieve this level of stable and reliable performance.

As we often observe, while the kinematics of robot movement are inherently complex, the actual process of grasping is arguably even more challenging. Currently, we utilize a two-fingered dexterous gripper to execute these grasping tasks; however, should we transition in the future to using multi-fingered dexterous hands with higher degrees of freedom, the array of technical considerations and challenges we must address will become even more extensive. Thank you. This concludes my brief analysis of the aerospace blade grasping scenario, which also serves to illustrate why grasping remains one of the most significant technical hurdles in the field of robotic applications.

Aerospace Realm: Faced with challenges such as high work intensity and insufficient automation within the aviation manufacturing and maintenance sectors, how does Changingtek Robotics’ "AI + Robotics" solution transform "irreplaceable human expertise" into quantifiable, iterative intelligent processes? What significance does this hold for the digital and green transformation of the aviation industry?

The aviation field is the most urgent and suitable scenario for the application of electric actuators and dexterous hands. There are many categories of aero engines and accessories of the Ministry of Aviation, and the correspondence is extremely strong, especially in the maintenance link. There are more than 500 types of fasteners for an aero engine, which is incomparable to other products.

Therefore, such scenarios require AI technology to transform those operations that are difficult to quantify and rely on experience into autonomous decision-making and execution processes for robots. This is also the area we believe that AI embodied intelligent robots should focus on the most, not new retail, but the aerospace field, which is a heavy weapon of the country.

The specific conversion path is divided into three steps:

1. Data collection. We need to collect the operation steps of the worker master to complete the entire process, and convert these manual experience into parameters that the robot can perform, such as the position and posture of visual positioning, the size of the gripping force, the motor current, the running speed, etc. Robots must ultimately be more efficient than manual operations to form a good return on investment.

2. Model training and generalization. Our embodied robot is developed based on a model, and it is not desirable that it can only complete the assembly or repair of a single product. We will train the collected data into executable algorithm models, and then use reinforcement learning to make the model have generalization capabilities - for example, it can adapt to both CFM56 engines and G90 engines, which is our expectation for the future functions of robots.

3. Iterative optimization and deployment. The whole process is from data collection to simulation training, to iterative optimization, and finally to deploy robots to achieve automatic replacement of scenarios.

In the field of aviation manufacturing and maintenance, there are still a large number of products that need to be upgraded with automation, and the task is arduous. We hope to make robots more versatile, provide more standardized products, truly reduce manual errors, improve operational efficiency, and improve the automation of the production process. The work we are doing now is relatively cutting-edge in the field of aviation, which is also our core dream and desire to develop embodied robots.

Aerospace world: "Flexible" is a high-frequency word for aviation intelligent manufacturing, and what does the "flexible assembly" proposed by Changingtek Robot refer to? What irreplaceable value does it bring to traditional rigid automation in terms of efficiency, cost, or reliability?

Traditional rigid robots are like a speaker who can only read according to the script; The flexible robot is more like a talk show actor who can play freely on the stage, and there is an essential difference between the two.

The core characteristics of the aviation field are multi-category, small batch, and customization, which is difficult for traditional rigid industrial robots to adapt to - the transformation cost of rigid robots is high and the cycle is long, which is also the main reason for the low automation rate in the aviation field.

The irreplaceable value of flexible assembly is mainly reflected in three points:

1. More efficient. During the assembly or maintenance process, flexible robots rarely need to replace end fixtures, tooling, or reprogramming, saving a lot of preparation time and greatly improving overall efficiency.

2. Lower cost. The transformation cost of rigid production lines not only includes the input of fixtures and tooling, but also involves a large number of production line transformation and personnel costs. Flexible assembly can significantly reduce these hidden costs.

3. Stronger reliability. Flexible robots have higher perception and adaptive capabilities, can cope with complex and changeable working conditions in the aviation field, and improve operational stability while ensuring high precision.

Therefore, I think that flexible assembly is an important development direction in the aviation field and even the entire manufacturing industry. To achieve higher flexibility, robots must have stronger perception, adaptation and intelligent decision-making capabilities, which is also the core difference between flexible assembly and rigid assembly.

Aerospace industry: Changingtek Robot's aviation maintenance robot can complete the 'accurate weighing, detection, and sorting' of engine blades, which is a triple limit challenge of dexterous operation, perception accuracy and real-time decision-making. How does this 'hand, eye, power, brain' integrated system work together?

Just looking at the weighing and sorting of aviation blades, it feels not difficult - just like a person, pick up the blades to weigh, test, and then sort them according to the manual. But robotizing this process is actually full of challenges.

For example, the weighing accuracy is required to reach 0.01 grams, such high precision, even if the ground shakes slightly and the outside wind gusts, it may affect the weighing results. To make the system run stably and reliably, a lot of energy needs to be invested to overcome technical problems.

Another example is the blade inspection link, different levels of blade working conditions, different life cycle losses, and different manufacturing processes, resulting in very different locations, sizes, and states of blade defects. It is very difficult to achieve comprehensive scanning and accurate identification of blade defects.

As we all know, AI is based on data and probability, but any misjudgment of aviation components can have serious consequences. Therefore, we always maintain a careful and rigorous attitude when developing such products to ensure that the products meet the requirements of aviation grade. If you can do a good job in aviation-grade products and then cut into other industries, it will be easy.

There are also factors such as blade gripping, gripping force, and tenon shape, which may affect the stability of the system. We solve a large number of small technical problems during commissioning, delivery and post-operation. The core requirements of customers for such systems are uninterrupted and stable operation and continuous value creation.

There is often a certain gap between customer needs and technical implementation, and filling this gap requires the team to have superb technical capabilities to ensure product reliability and operational stability.

Aerospace World: As an old friend of the competition, Changingtek Robot has won a number of important awards and honors in recent years. In your opinion, what is the core value of these recognitions from the government and industry, in addition to the honor itself, to the growth of the enterprise?

We are very much in recognition of this competition, it is a very influential event in the aviation field. As the saying goes, "the fragrance of wine is also afraid of deep alleys", we hope to showcase our products and technologies through the platform of the competition, so that practitioners in the aviation track know that there is such a company that is developing robot systems to solve complex problems in the aviation field.

This plays a very important role in the development of our company, such as brand promotion and talent attraction. These awards are also a great encouragement to our team, and we are very grateful for the recognition of the organizing committee.

Aerospace industry: The hardest recognition is the test of the market, and a number of aviation "first set" applications have verified the core capabilities of AI and robot collaboration? In the next step, what directions will the team focus on?

There is still a lot of room for improvement in the automation rate of robots in the aviation field in engines and other scenarios. We are fortunate to have developed a number of first-of-its-kind products in this field. For example, in the combination of high precision, heavy load, and dexterous operation, these three seem to be the "impossible triangle", but we have achieved technological breakthroughs based on years of technology accumulation, which is also one of the core capabilities of the team.

In addition, in terms of scenario adaptability, many robot products are easy to land in automotive and other industries, but in the aviation field, in the face of different customer needs and industry standards, a lot of technical transformation and upgrading are needed to achieve adaptation, which is also our core capability.

In terms of AI collaboration, most of the popular large language models are based on text, vision or video, while we are doing embodied intelligence technology that collaborates with AI and robots. We have transformed manual experience, operation processes and processes into intelligent processes, formed a standardized robot operation process, and completed the technical closed loop.

There are three directions for the next step:

1. Higher perception accuracy. Perception function is the core feature of flexible robots that distinguish them from traditional industrial robots, and there is still room for improvement in the current perception accuracy, which is the core technical indicator in the future.

2. Greater environmental adaptability. The production environment and component working environment in the aviation field are very different, and how to adapt the robot's decision-making to different environments is an important challenge for us.

3. Higher intelligence. Let AI technology truly empower the aviation field and become an important technical force to help the development of China's aviation industry, which is a direction worthy of our continuous exploration.

Relying on the high-quality domestic supply chain and our advantages in AI technology and talents, we hope to contribute to intelligent manufacturing in the aviation field - intelligent manufacturing capabilities are also the key to the future great power game.

Aerospace industry: Looking at the world, in the field of aviation and high-end manufacturing, which scenarios do you think have the most urgent needs and the strongest technical adaptability to the company?

Our earliest aviation scenarios:

1. Aero engine maintenance. Many people think that engine production is very complicated, but in fact, the process and working conditions of engine maintenance are more difficult than assembly. We have developed a variety of unmanned and automated robot systems around this scenario, such as blade detection, sorting, accessory detection and sorting, etc., and the demand for such scenarios is very urgent.

2. Flexible assembly of accessories in the aviation airborne department. Nowadays, in order to ensure the consistency, reliability and assembly accuracy of accessories, many factories have begun to use robots to assist or guide manual assembly, and our technology is also developed around this direction.

3. Aerospace field. Although aviation and aerospace are one word apart, they are very different, but there are also many similarities - spacecraft and space engines have many similarities with aero engines in size, weight, complexity, and aero engines. We are expanding into the aerospace market based on product validation in the aviation sector.

These scenarios have a common feature: high precision, high value, and high barriers, which match our technical advantages and are also the direction we will focus on exploring in the future.

Aerospace industry: Combined with national strategies such as low-altitude economy and domestic large aircraft, where do you think the largest incremental market for aviation intelligent robots will be in the next three years? Is it maintenance, assembly, or testing?

I think these three scenarios are very important, combined with the low-altitude economy and the domestic large aircraft strategy, the market increment will be gradually released in the following order:

1. Maintenance field. The maintenance market is mainly oriented to the stock market, and now the delivery volume of domestic large aircraft and military aircraft is increasing, and the maintenance demand of stock aircraft will continue to grow, and the standardization of maintenance scenarios is constantly improving.

2. Aero engine assembly field. Domestic civil engines and military engines are developing rapidly, and the assembly process can no longer rely on the manual methods of 10 or 20 years ago, and it is necessary to seek flexible assembly systems with higher automation and higher quality standards. In the next two to three years, this field will usher in rapid growth.

3. Testing field. Whether it is maintenance, assembly, or quality control on and off the field, it is inseparable from various testing equipment and testing robot systems, which is also a market direction with great potential.

Aerospace industry: There are already a large number of industrial robots and control systems in aviation manufacturing. How can Changingtek Robot's dexterous hands "seamlessly mesh" with existing production lines, thereby maximizing the protection of customers' existing investments and lowering the barrier to integration?

The core reason is that traditional industrial robots are difficult to adapt to complex scenarios in the aviation field, and our products can play value around existing production lines.

Specifically, we achieve seamless integration in four areas:

1. Interface standardization and unification. Our dexterous hands and self-developed robots can be integrated with the customer's production line control system to realize plug and play, based on industrial communication protocol, to quickly match various scenarios.

2. Adaptation and flexibility. When customizing the adaptation, we only need to customize the corresponding data acquisition module and algorithm model, and the robot body and grasping scheme are universal, which greatly reduces the difficulty of transformation.

3. Software efficiency. Based on self-developed software for scenario adaptation, it can efficiently solve problems such as on-site training and parameter setting, and achieve rapid delivery.

4. Maintenance standardization. For subsequent after-sales maintenance, we adopt unified standards to ensure the stable operation of the production line.

Through these four points, the transformation of the production line can be made simpler, and customers can also get a faster return on investment.

Aerospace industry: The environment of aviation maintenance workshops is harsh - oil pollution, metal dust, high-frequency vibration, large temperature changes, and equipment needs to run continuously for tens of thousands of hours. In product design, what are the key "durability enhancement" projects carried out by Changingtek Robot for these extreme working conditions?

This is an important consideration in product design. In the face of different scenarios, especially extreme environments, the functions and performance of robots need to be designed in a targeted manner, which varies greatly. Robots are divided into industrial robots, commercial robots, and special robots, and robots in the aviation field basically belong to special robots, which not only have unique functions, but also need to adapt to the particularity of maintenance scenarios in materials and structural design.

For example, the anti-vibration ability, most of the components in the aviation maintenance workshop are precision parts, and any slight vibration may affect the quality of maintenance, so we have done a lot of research and product design optimization to improve the anti-vibration performance of the robot.

In terms of environmental adaptability, our robots must not only adapt to conventional temperatures but also ensure pollution-free operation in harsh environments, while meeting the requirements of high durability and long life.

It is difficult for robots in the aviation field to be completely universal, but we can integrate core technologies into standardized functional modules. It will be much easier to do a good job in robots in the aviation field and then cut into other industries, which is the main reason why we continue to invest in research and development, and it can also help us build industry barriers.

Aerospace world: High-performance dexterous hands are often difficult to scale due to high costs. To truly realize that the smart hand is easy to use and affordable, in what aspects has the company carried out targeted cost control deployment?

At the beginning of the company, the first product we developed was a modular dexterous hand.

1. Modular and standardized design concept. It can achieve mass production of core components, greatly reduce production costs and supply chain procurement costs, and also reduce repeated investment in the R&D process, which is our core means of cost control.

2. Self-developed core components. For core components that require high reliability and long life, such as real-time control systems, we insist on self-development of software and hardware, which can not only adapt to different scenarios, but also reduce the cost of the entire system.

3. Large-scale production cost reduction. With the increase in orders in the aviation sector, our production capacity has been continuously increased, and production efficiency has increased, further diluting product costs.

Aerospace world: Changingtek Robot's products not only serve aviation manufacturing and scientific research laboratories, but also provide data collection hands for humanoid robots. What types of customers do the current revenue mainly come from? What do you see as the core drivers of revenue growth in the next 2–3 years?

In the three years from 2023 to 2025, our revenue mainly comes from two parts:

1. Electric actuator and dexterous hand business, the customers are mainly scientific research institutes and humanoid robot companies in cutting-edge technology research, and some are from industrial manufacturing and flexible production.

2. The robot system business in the field of aerospace manufacturing and maintenance, which also contributed a lot of revenue.

It is the coordinated development of these two businesses that supports the healthy growth of the company. There are three core drivers of revenue growth over the next two to three years:

1. Demand in the fields of aviation, aerospace and aviation development. With the expansion of the engine production and maintenance market and the promotion of national strategies, our heavy-duty hands and flexible assembly systems will usher in large-scale orders.

2. The explosion of the humanoid robot market. The humanoid robot industry is growing at a rate of nearly 100% per year, and we will keep up with the development of the industry and seize the growth opportunities in this field by optimizing core components and supply chains.

3. Horizontal expansion of standardized products. Our end effectors and aviation intelligent robots, after being verified in the aviation field, will expand to heavy equipment, new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, photovoltaic and other industries, and there will be a broader market space.

These three directions are our core growth drivers in the future.

Aerospace world: On the one hand, it provides high-precision data collection hands for cutting-edge scenarios such as humanoid robots, and on the other hand, it is deeply involved in industrial automation and launches standardized products. How can the company balance long-term investment in cutting-edge exploration with rapid volume in mature markets?

Mature markets, such as orders in the aviation field, have relatively stable cash flow and rapid annual growth, which can provide positive cash flow for the company. But cutting-edge exploration cannot be left behind, the development speed of embodied robots and humanoid robots is very fast, maybe in the next 3~5 years, our current aviation intelligent robots will be replaced by humanoid robots or embodied robots. Therefore, this type of technology must be stockpiled in advance.

At this stage, we have mature scenarios in the aviation field as a basis, and it is very correct to develop embodied robots in vertical fields on this basis - products such as robots should be developed based on market demand, rather than making general products first and then finding scenarios.

To achieve healthy development, we must take a two-pronged approach, not only to quickly promote the industry replication of standardized products, but also to continue to invest in cutting-edge technology research and development, so as to achieve a dynamic balance between long-term and short-term.

Aerospace industry: Changingtek Robot has established cooperation with scientific research institutions such as Peking University and the National Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, as well as industry leaders such as Zhiyuan Robot and Tencent. What directions do these collaborations focus on? What factors did you consider when choosing an ecological partner?

We have a lot of cooperation with universities and scientific research institutes, because universities and scientific research institutes are the source of innovation, whether at home or abroad, embodied robots and humanoid robot technology, most of which are transformed from scientific research results. Therefore, we must lay out in advance, and now we have jointly established a joint R&D institution with Peking University, Xi'an Jiaotong, Liverpool, Tsinghua University and other universities. This can not only transform cutting-edge technology, but also cultivate compound talents and reserve strength for the company's future development.

Cooperation with leading embodied robot companies can allow us to grasp the development trend of the industry more quickly, make the development of dexterous hands and other products more targeted, and reduce unnecessary R&D investment - following the pace of leading enterprises, the prospects will be broader.

Whether it is scientific research cooperation or ecological partnership, we focus on two core points:

1. Technology complementarity or technology enhancement to achieve 1+1>2 synergy. For technology-based enterprises, R&D capabilities are the core competitiveness.

2. Adhere to long-termism. The manufacturing industry is a track with long slopes and thick snow, not as rapid as the Internet industry, which needs to be continuously accumulated, not only to pursue short-term business returns, but also to have a common long-term goal with partners.

Aerospace industry: In the face of the possible batch demand in the aviation field and the potential explosion of the humanoid robot market, can Changingtek Robot's current capacity planning and delivery capabilities be met? What are the deployment plans to ensure product consistency and reliability?

这两年我们的产能基本能满足现有规模的需求，不过针对2026、2027年的市场需求，我们已经做了很多思考，具体规划还在完善中。短期内，我们有提升产线效率的明确需求。

At present, we have established R&D centers in Beijing, Shanghai and Suzhou, and delivery centers in Xi'an and Changsha, with the core purpose of better serving customers.

In the medium and long term, we will definitely lay out new production bases, such as the production base that is currently planned in Xi'an, and will be deployed in East China in the future. This can effectively reduce production costs, and better ensure product quality and delivery efficiency.

Aerospace Industry: Does the company currently have a new round of financing plans? If financing, in what directions will the funds be mainly used for? What kind of partners do you want to attract?

We have just completed our Series B+ financing, and a new round of financing is also in progress. Funds are mainly used in three directions:

1. Technology research and development. We already have a solid hardware foundation, and in the future, we will focus on the development of more intelligent products and improve the layout of the whole robot industry chain.

2. Capacity expansion. As mentioned earlier, the demand for production capacity will increase in the next two to three years, and we are preparing for the construction of new factories and investment in automated production lines.

3. Market development. Whether it is a dexterous hand business or a robot business in the aviation field, it is necessary to go overseas in the future and establish a more complete sales and service network.

In the selection of cooperative institutions, we not only need financial support, but also hope to introduce industrial capital with strategic resources to jointly provide more support around the development of dexterous hands, intelligent robots, and aviation fields, so as to help us consolidate our leading position in the industry and build higher industry barriers.

Aerospace Industry: Thank you Mr. Bai for returning to the competition again, what practical role can this award play in the industrialization and marketing of the project? Are there any new cooperation opportunities or project docking?

This competition is very good. We participate with the mentality of "participating every year and improving every year". For entrepreneurial enterprises, the competition is a good platform to promote and accelerate - whether it is brand promotion, customer docking, cooperation between participating projects, and resource links with upstream and downstream enterprises, it has a very good promotion effect.

Sky and Sky World: Finally, I would like to ask you to share your acceptance speech, we will keep it as a souvenir!

I am very grateful to the organizers of the competition for building a platform that allows Changingtek Robot to focus on the research and development of core technologies in the field of robot dexterity, and also gives us the opportunity to display our achievements in the industries we care about.

We would also like to thank our team, in the past few years, we have unremittingly tackled difficult technical points such as embodied intelligence and dexterous hands, and provided customers with high-quality products and services.

Finally, thanks to our partners, it is their continuous support and high trust that has allowed our technology to move from R&D to industrialization. To be honest, customers' acceptance and recognition of new products and technologies are our greatest support and encouragement.

Changingtek Robot will not forget its original intention, empower high-end manufacturing with our "smart hands", continue to cultivate the aviation field, adhere to technological innovation, and contribute to the development of Made in China.